Exxon Valdez †Continuing Case Essay Example for Free

Exxon Valdez – Continuing Case Essay Many years ago, Raymond Baumhart the greatest sociologist questioned organization people, What does ethics mean to the business world? Some people believe that Ethics is a kind of feeling which would give the knowledge about right or wrong situation on the basis of religious beliefs. While other argues the prior view admitting that it simply the level of behaviour society accepts and the law requires. â€Å"Ethics is a study of moral standards whose explicit purpose is to determine as far as possible whether a given moral standard is more or less correct (Manuel G. Velasquez, 2006)† Standpoint March 24, 1989, one of the Exxon Valdez, a loaded oil tanker with 52 million gallons crude oil runs in Prince William Sound, spilling 11 million gallons of oil. The government was strongly feeling about the environmental damage, to the fishery and the life of people involved there. Output That was bad luck for the wildlife, approximately 30,000 birds and 2000 sea others lost their lives. More than $2 billion spent just to clean it up and paid millions of dollar to the fishermen. Ethically, Exxon lost image in the world and about 40,000 credit cards destroyed in protest. Ethical Issues It was truly horrific, the longer that marine animal is setting in oil the more they were dealing with death. Consumers lost their faith in Exxon and faced opposition from the world. The affected area has not fully recovered. The control over the ethical situation This was the worst environmental disaster America has ever faced. After a week, CEO Lawrence Rawls wrote apology note in all newspapers. In addition they began cleanup immediately after the situation occurred. Many of the ethical issues and dilemmas in international business are rooted in the fact that political systems and laws differ from nation to nation. In the international business setting, the most common ethical issue involve employment practices and corruption. According to the given case of Castle Cook, â€Å"whistle-blower† would be able to file the lawsuit in a federal court. The plaintiffs alleged claims under the violation of the â€Å"Foreign Corrupt Practices Act† The jurisdiction in this case can enable the person thus empowered to act towards, and in what manner this power may be exercised. In Subject matter jurisdiction thus empowers â€Å"whistle-blower† to act toward certain kinds of legal questions, whereas in Personal jurisdiction, the foreign country employee lives out of state, the court must look at the contacts with the state. Going into a state regularly to conduct business is usually sufficient for the court to obtain jurisdiction. (The Le ctric Law Library,2014) References The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2014, from http://www.sec.gov/about/laws.shtml The Lectric Law Librarys Lexicon Personal Jurisdiction, Retrieved September 4, 2014, from (http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/p211.htm) http://crab.rutgers.edu/~sambhary/International%20Bussiness%20Environment/notes/IBe%20Ch%2004%20Ethics.pdf In 1989, the Exxon Valdez tanker spilled nearly 11 million gallons of oil around the cost of Alaska; it caused one of the worst oil spills in the United States history. The Exxon Valdez continues to suffer from last 25 years and still paying off for the incident. The Exxon was to be sued by many individuals and businesses within state or federal court as required, as per the administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, for the Environmental regulations law comes under both state and federal court. Some company sued under the law of business losses within the federal court. Sea Hawk Sea foods, Inc, having a seafood processing business on Prince William Sound in Valdez, Alaska sued the Exxon shipping company under the law of business losses. The court dismissed the case with the advice of federal admiralty  law (9th Cir.1994). Fishing industry filed the complaint again Exxon. In 1994, the Exxon was initially ordered to pay $5 billion by federal court, which was reduced in federal appeal in 2006 to $2.5 billion. In 2008, The United States Supreme court had decided to cut down the damage by $500 million as Exxon has already spent approximately $2 billion for cleanup and recovery (New York Times, 2010). The Exxon shipping co continues with the lesson, even after paying all these damages and standing for a long time in the federal and Supreme Court of the United States. References The district court also removed more than 160 other state law cases relating to the oil spillEyak Native Vill. v. Exxon Corp., 25 F.3d 773, 774 (9th Cir.1994) Retrieved September 5, 2014, from (http://openjurist.org/484/f3d/1098/in-re-the-exxon-valdez) New York Times, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989), August 3, 2010 07-219Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker (2/27/08), Retrieved September 5, 2014, from (http://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/07-219.pdf)

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Ess

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Tale Hear by Edgar Allen Poe, both authors have to convince the reader that the main characters is mad. How do they do that? Which portrayal is more effective? Why? 1.The two stories that are going to be compared and contrasted are 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl' by Ray Bradbury and 'The Tell Tale Heart' by Edgar Allen Poe. Both stories are about murder and how the murderers react after the killings. In the story 'The Tell Tale Heart,' Edgar Allen Poe writes about the murderer's obsession and fear of an old man's clouded eye that drives him to kill. When officers of the law come to question him, he imagines noises from the dead dismembered body, which forces him to admit his crime. In the second story, 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl' by Ray Bradbury another murder has been committed. The author uses flash backs to explain where the murderer has been so that he could wipe out all traces of his fingerprints and presence at the house, his search for gloves then his obsession with cleaning everywhere, which eventually leads to his arrest. Both stories are about obsessions, in one the obsession caused the murder, in the other the obsession was with cleaning away all traces of the murderer is present at the scene of the crime after the murder. My aim will be to show how both murderers were mad, or became mad. 2.In the story 'The Tell Tale Heart,' the murderer has no motive for murder other than his obsession. One of the old man's eyes, was clouded over and resembled a vulture's eye, so the narrator could have been mad even before he killed the old man. In 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl,' the murderer was driven to jealousy... ...chandelier with its long pearls of rainbow glass.' He becomes haunted by Huxley hearing once more Huxleys voice, remembering all the touchings and gesturings, before loosing control. Acton sobbed heavily he hurled the pottery against the wall' Early in the morning after the murder Acton was found in the attic the entire house was polished to a brilliance everything glittered. Everything shone, everything was bright!. On the way out Acton polished the front door knob with his handkerchief.' This showed the way he lost control after the murder and his obsesiveness led him to madness by the thought of what he had done. Although he was not mad at the beginning we could see how he became more and more mad as the story went on. This is better than the other story 'The Tell-Tale heart' when the man showed sign of madness from the beginning of the story.

Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay

‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Lord of the Flies’ were written in different centuries. Analyse the similarities and discuss the differences which you have found in these texts. You should pay particular attention to characterisation, style and theme. Mary Shelley wrote ‘Frankenstein’ in the 18th Century. As there was no cinema or television available books were a widely accessible form of entertainment. Particularly fantastical texts like ‘Dracula’ and ‘Vathek’ were popular, books like these were not meant to be thought of as a portrayal of realism, this is why ‘Frankenstein’ is very unbelievable. ‘Frankenstein’ is set in a time when new science posed a threat to Christian beliefs, as society started to believe that man could be created. This all seemed very possible in the early 18th Century because Benjamin Franklin had previously invented a lightning conductor and in 1802 Galvani ran a current through a frogs legs and it produced a twitch. The thought of starting life with lightning terrified people because of the dangers it appeared to pose to endanger human life. William Golding published ‘Lord of the Flies’ in 1954, nine years after the end of the Second World War. So there were still conflicts going on between Russia and America, Golding used the idea of continuous war and portrayed it onto the island. The text concerns a group of public school boys getting trapped on an island after their plane crashes; they all have traditional upbringings and attitudes. Other books, which had previously been written such as ‘Swiss Family Robinson’ and ‘Coral Island’, featured a similar situation but with a happier ending, these types of books were all very unrealistic and fairytale like. William Golding wrote what he thought would really happen if anyone ever faced this situation. The two tribes that develop in ‘Lord of the Flies’ (Jack’s and Ralph’s) represent Hitler and the Nazi’s against the allies (America, Great Britain etc). The Italians swapped sides during the war as the Nazi’s became weaker; Sam and Eric reflect this as they join Jack’s tribe because Ralph’s is less popular. Both books have many similarities and differences between them. The main similarity is that both books are about lines of civilisation being broken revealing the darker sides of people’s characters. The boys in ‘Lord of the Flies’ are immediately, physically desolate after their plane crashes. Nobody knows where they are and there are no adults. In Shelley’s book, the character Frankenstein chooses to be isolated as his work is more important to him than anything around him. One similarity between the two books are the characters Piggy and the ‘creature’. These two characters are both judged by their appearance. Piggy is ‘†¦shorter than the fair boy and very fat’. He has ‘†¦asthma’ and ‘†¦thick spectacles’. The ‘creature’ has ‘yellow skin’ and ‘†¦straight black lips’, in both cases we can immediately tell that they are physically different. Even Frankenstein, the ‘creatures’ creator ‘†¦dreaded to behold’ him. They both become isolated and victimised because other people see them as being different; this creates a feeling of sympathy towards both characters throughout the books. They also both have no parents as Piggy’s â€Å"†¦dad’s dead, and [his] mum†, and the ‘creature’ said: â€Å"No father has watched my infant days, no mother had blessed me with smiles and caresses.† The ‘creature’ feels sadness and rejection and believes that having parents is important, this is also implicit in the case of Piggy, but the ‘creature’ has never been loved by anyone so the feeling of depression is greater. It can be argued however that, in a way the ‘creature’ has been loved as Frankenstein loved him while he was creating him. When he is brought to life the love he had previously received from Frankenstein ends. The difference between these two characters is that Piggy’s intelligence is threatening to the other boys as he has some sensible ideas that the boys do not wish to carry out. He says: â€Å"Which is better- to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?† The boys ignore him as they have already descended into tribalism at this point. Piggy’s intelligence is threatening because he has a very defined idea of what is right and wrong and he is a very moral person. The ‘creature’s’ intelligence is harmless as he only wishes to fit in. However, as the ‘creature’ becomes more knowledgeable he â€Å"†¦discovered what a wretched outcast† he was. He has no idea of what is right and wrong and only wants to fit in. The level of intelligence an individual has, whether it is a lot or a little can still make them isolated from others. From the start of ‘Lord of the Flies’ we can tell that Piggy wants to fit in by the way he follows Ralph. ‘Ralph disentangled himself cautiously and stole away through the branches. In a few seconds the fat boys grunts were behind him.’ He is last to put his hand up to vote for Ralph: ‘Every hand outside the choir except Piggy’s was raised immediately.’ He hesitates because although he wants to vote for Ralph he does not want to be the only one who votes for him. He wants to fit in and not be the odd one out. It is implicit that Piggy was not very popular at school as â€Å"They used to call [him] Piggy†. This is why he follows Ralph in the way he does; he desperately tries to try and make friends as he feels depressed and sad about his previous school life. He is not very attractive; this is a reflection of how people perceive him. There are not just similarities between Piggy and the ‘creature’. Frankenstein and Ralph are also similar because although they are in different situations, they both have something they want to achieve. Ralph desperately wants to be rescued from the island. He constantly tries to keep the fire going as â€Å"†¦The fire is the main thing†, because it is a signal to people to show that they are stranded. Frankenstein’s aim is to take science a step further by creating new life without using nature. They are both headstrong and both have will power to achieve what they want to. Unlike Frankenstein, Ralph sees reality as he acknowledges that if they do not try to get rescued they will die on the island. â€Å"†¦without the smoke signal we’ll die here!† Ralph is far more considerate than Frankenstein. Frankenstein does not consider the consequences of his actions and as a result of this he creates a disaster. He does not see reality as he becomes so determined to be the first person to create life. While Frankenstein is preoccupied with creating life, Ralph believes that preserving life is more important. Frankenstein can also be compared to Simon from ‘Lord of the Flies’. They are both symbolic of Christ. Simon passed ‘†¦food down to outstretched hands’ and Frankenstein stated that; ‘†¦food that I had killed, which after taking a small part, I always presented to those who had provided me.’ They are both kind and considerate and the way they give to others is much like the same way that Jesus did. Although Frankenstein has been isolated and anti social for a few years he is still amiable. Simon is surrounded by a lot of biblical images all through the book. The way that Simon appreciates the island and nature seems quite strange to the other boys. He is described as â€Å"†¦cracked† and â€Å"†¦batty†. In the same way Frankenstein gets remarks because he enjoys ‘†¦the structure of the human frame.’ and philosophy. Both Simon and Frankenstein are intransigent as they ignore any comments tackling their views. Frankenstein believes that: ‘A new species would bless me as its creator†¦ would owe their being to me.’ He wants to be worshipped and idolised for creating life like God. Simon wants to appreciate his surroundings, which God as created. Frankenstein states that; ‘No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs.’ He becomes arrogant and his ego begins to swell. He wants to totally change the way in which humans are brought to life and he becomes insatiably infatuated with this. Simon willingly accepts the beauty of nature and he sees things differently to other people, like ‘the beast’ only being a fallen pilot (this shows more clarity of thought than the other boys). Unlike Frankenstein, Simon’s character is very vague, he is simply known as ‘†¦the boy who fainted’ towards the beginning of the book. He is also described as a ‘†¦vivid little boy.’ No one really understands him as he has more maturity to understand things than the other boys, but he does not have the vocabulary to express his views and feelings. Frankenstein’s character is not constant through the book. At first he is very unorthodox, as he does not consider the views or beliefs of anyone around him. Towards the end of the book he becomes remorseful as he realises that he has created a ‘†¦demoniacal corpse.’ When Simon died the ‘†¦clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall.’ This is pathetic fallacy as it reflects what is happening in the story. Simon is seen as God- like, and the storm and heavy rain is like God’s anger against the savage boys’ sin. It is as if they killed the good on the island and it cannot be justified or tolerated. After he is killed the language used is very calming; there was a ‘†¦trickle of water’ and ‘†¦no noise’. This is ethereal, as if Simon’s body is being taken by angels up to heaven. The way Simon’s dead body ‘†¦moved out towards the open sea’ is very heavenly. When Simon sees the Lord of the Flies for the first time, Golding says: ‘Even if he shut his eyes, the sows head still remained like an after- image†¦They assured Simon that everything was a bad business.’ It is as if Simon is getting a vision from God; the sow’s head demonstrated how the hunting has got out of control. God is warning him that what is happening on the island cannot be accepted. After this has happened it is ironic that Simon is killed for being mistaken for ‘the beast’. The message given to him was right; the hunting on the island had become a ‘†¦bad business.’ The difference between the two books is that Frankenstein is a man of science and Simon is a man of spirit. In ‘Frankenstein’ it is science against religion, where as in ‘Lord of the Flies’ the human need to survive is put against society. Another character from ‘Lord of the Flies’ who can be compared to Frankenstein is Jack. It is clear from the start that Jack will potentially be a threat from his appearance. He has ‘†¦red hair’ which signifies a fiery temper, and red is also used for warning signs, which indicate danger. Both Jack and Frankenstein become obsessive about certain things. Frankenstein becomes obsessed with creating the ‘creature’ and Jack lets hunting become his obsession. Jack begins to bring up hunting in most conversations, he said: â€Å"All the same- in the forest. I mean when you’re hunting.† He is the first to suggest that the choir form a group called ‘the hunters’ and he is always the first to lead them out into the forest to go on a hunt he insists to the other boys that meat is important. Jack becomes excited by ‘†¦droppings that steamed’ he bends ‘†¦down to them as though he loved them.’ This is clearly not natural behaviour and these are definite signs that his obsession with hunting has gone too far. Frankenstein gets so engrossed with his work that he forgets about his family. He, like Jack, becomes disturbingly infatuated with his project as he does many inhumane things: ‘[He]†¦collected bones from charnel- houses and disturbed, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame.’ The word ‘profane’ is important because it illustrates the way he shows disrespect for religion. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ the other religion could be classed as Ralph’s tribe. Jack does not consider the welfare of these boys and he becomes so obsessed with hunting that he forgets both his morals and the fact that the boys need to be rescued. While Jack is hunting ‘The madness came into his eyes again.’ He has the urge to kill and his obsession has got so far out of control he is losing his sanity. However, these two characters are also very different because Jack has a cruel personality; he picks on the weaker boys. Piggy is usually his victim; he singles him out for the way he looks, he says, â€Å"†¦shut up fatty† and â€Å"†¦you fat slug†. He ‘†¦smacked Piggy’s head’ and he is also very sarcastic towards him: â€Å"We mustn’t let anything happen to Piggy, must we?† His character is also very fierce; this becomes apparent from the language used. The way he ‘†¦slashed’, ‘†¦slammed’ and ‘†¦snatched’ shows he is destructive. He acts like this so that the other boys become afraid of him and do not challenge his views; he feels powerful and dominant. He gains respect from the other boys by behaving like this: ‘Jack looked round for understanding and found only respect.’ He regains the power which he lost from not being voted chief by behaving in this way, and he also feels he has control over the other boys. The boys do not always agree with him, they just ‘†¦followed him obediently’ because they are afraid of him. Jack is also like the ‘creature’ because they both show their darker sides after being isolated. Jack believes he has the qualities to be leader because he can â€Å"†¦sing C sharp.† When Ralph is voted leader, Jack immediately becomes isolated, and tension occurs between them as he constantly challenges Ralph to be leader. The ‘creature’ becomes isolated because he is not socially accepted, as he looks different. His treacherous side shows as his level of intelligence increases. He begins to feel â€Å"†¦rage and revenge† towards Frankenstein, in the same way Jack feels for Ralph. The ‘creature’ says that: â€Å"I declared ever-lasting war against the species, and more than all, against him who had formed me.† The language used here is very strong; he shows feelings of hate towards Frankenstein because he enrolled him into a world of misery. Jack and the creature both develop feelings of hatred towards the ones who have ostracised them. Some of the words used to describe Jack and Frankenstein are animalistic. When Jack is hunting it is like he almost becomes an animal, he ‘†¦sniffs the air’ and comes ‘†¦trotting back.’ When Frankenstein gets angry he ‘†¦gnashed [his] teeth and ground them together.’ They do mot appear human as they are stripped of human characteristics such as conscience and morality. This suggests that they have evil natures. These evil natures can also be shown by the inhumane killings that occur in both books. ‘Lord of the Flies’ and ‘Frankenstein’ both feature violence, death and murder. In ‘Frankenstein’ the creature becomes completely demoralized like Jack and Roger, the murders they commit are brutal, but the reader is more sympathetic for the ‘creature’ because he has never been loved and however desperately he tried to find a friend he was always rejected. The boys in ‘Lord of the Flies’ have been loved and brought up in a religious manner, so they have no excuse to kill. The boys’ deconstruction of their reality mirrors the ‘creature’s’ construction of reality. This can be shown when Simon is brutally torn apart, where as the monster is pieced together. Simon can also be related to the ‘creature’ because he has a problem, which he cannot do anything about. Simon is ‘epileptic’ and the ‘creature’ is ugly and ‘†¦8 foot tall’. These are problems, which can stop them from being like other people. In ‘Frankenstein’ the style in which the book is written is totally different than that of ‘Lord of the Flies’. There are three concentric layers, one within the other. The outer layer, which is the shortest, is Robert Walton’s letters to his sister describing his voyage to the North Pole. In the next layer Frankenstein tells the story of how he created the monster and how he abandoned it in disgust. In the third layer the ‘creature’ describes the struggle he has trying to fit in. There are also multiple storytellers in ‘Frankenstein’. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ the book has a linear narrative as it reads from beginning to end, it is narrated entirely by the author. As ‘Frankenstein’ is a gothic horror book, the murders do not come as much of a surprise to the reader, where as ‘Lord of the Flies’ features innocent, young school boys committing brutal murders. So the shock value in ‘Lord of the Flies’ is greater and indeed more horrific than that in ‘Frankenstein’. The books are also both written in a way so that the reader looses track of time. Many phrases are used in the text to imply that a lot of time has passed, like ‘Two years had now nearly elapsed’ and ‘Six years had elapsed’. This reflects the insanity that develops in the characters. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ there is a system of hierarchy, as there is only one place at the top Jack and Ralph constantly fight to be the highest so that they have power over the other boys. These boys are underneath Jack and Ralph in the hierarchy so they are not as powerful they are, this is why they follow one of them. Piggy is one of the weaker boys at the bottom; this is why he is victimised. In ‘Frankenstein’ there is no system of hierarchy, everyone in the text is considered as equal. In both books there is a role reversal. In ‘Lord of the Flies’ Ralph goes from being leader to an outcast who is left to survive on his own. Jack’s hunting tribe eventually over powers Ralph’s tribe who want to be rescued. This shows the immaturity of the boys as they forget their priorities. The role reversal in ‘Frankenstein’ occurs between Frankenstein and the ‘creature’. Frankenstein has power over the ‘creature’ while he is creating him, but when he disowns him; he is left to do what he likes. He becomes more powerful than Frankenstein (and indeed any human being) because of his sheer stature and his increased level of intelligence. Frankenstein is aware of the fact that he does not have any morals as he killed innocent children. The ‘creature’ realises this: â€Å"You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!† Role reversals are used in the text to show that the goodness in a person does not always win. I have already discussed thematic issues within characterisation, but the main theme in both books is about the darkness of Man’s soul. The evil side of man, which is inherent in everybody, can be brought out in different situations. The two books show this in different ways. ‘Frankenstein’ involves an adult world confronted with many scientific changes. ‘Lord of the Flies’ shows a world entirely populated by children who struggle to survive. However, in both books the same message is delivered; the notion of ‘society’ breaks down when there is nothing to uphold it. This is explored through the themes of isolation, difference, anger, ambition and obsession. While the boys on the island are unwillingly taken out of society’ structure and the ‘creature’ is forcefully thrust into it, the result is the same- the hidden darkness of mans soul is revealed.

Ethics in Advertisement of United Colors of Benetton

Ethics in advertisement of United Colors of Benetton Are Benetton ´s advertisements ethical or not? Contents Introduction: 3 The United Colors of Benetton strategy 3 Three separate cycles of building Benetton’s value 4 Utilitarianism approach 6 Deontological approach 7 Conclusion 9 References 9 Introduction: As the students of MME (Economics and Management studies), we have chosen the topic, which involves our study program, which is the Marketing and Consumer behavior. Our topic is focused on the advertisement and the practices of United Colors of Benetton Company. Their way of marketing seems to be directed â€Å"another way† and it has been discussed several times whether their strategy is ethical or not in the past. First we†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"united† name became a metaphor pretty soon thus the name of Benetton’s company was changed to the United Colors of Benetton. One of their first add showing no racial differences saying â€Å"All the colors of the world† was the start of the new era of their many times controversial marketing strategy discussed all over the world. Three separate cycles of building Benetton’s value As it was mentioned above, the strategy of Benetton’s advertising campaign leads to many discussions and criticism and many of ads were prohibited in several countries. Their strategy is divided into 3 main cycles. The cycle of Difference The first and oldest cycle started in the 80’s and was concerning to the racial, religious and sexual conflicts and differences. All the conflicts are based on tabus and on a difference that separates rather than unites. The Benetton’s plan was to integrate opposites and to unite differences under a single flag – the Benetton’s logo. The ads were not so controversial. As in the following cycle – the cycle of the reality. 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