Diversity in the Hospitality Industry

Question: Talk about the Diversity in the Hospitality Industry. Answer: Presentation The cordiality and the travel industry pulls in various workforce but then even the administration level despite everything have issues of correspondence. Decent variety is identified with individuals and gatherings who have diverse social monetary foundations and physical possibilities who take part in various nations. Cordiality and the travel industry delivers a chance to see new social encounters for the staff and furthermore the customers who are visitors. Its essential for the representatives to comprehend and acknowledge the different societies to upgrade their associations with voyagers since they originate from a wide range of ages, races, religion, culture, statements of faith, and even shading. It is imperative to note, work environment decent variety not just facilitates the comprehension of societies, financial, and social viewpoints however ensures that administrations are conveyed to the customers fulfillment by giving extraordinary relational abilities. Job of Diversity in cordiality Industry. As per research, individuals all things considered, sexual orientation, races only yet to make reference to a couple, all experience some decent variety in the accommodation business. When looking at encountering the distinction in the friendliness business this implies it will influence both the visitors and the workers. Job of decent variety in the neighborliness business helps in making another workplaces and great conditions for the representatives and the visitors. Likewise, it is simple for individuals from a similar activity areas to interface to find out about their jobs. Furthermore, it is noticed that job of assorted variety in cordiality industry helps socials associations that prompts development of the traveler business (Enzy,2009). The sightseers see the accommodation business as very much created and its offices are progressed. Job of assorted variety expands equivalent work such that everybody can know, comprehend their job and set up as a regular occurrence everything gained from the others that are experts. Future Trends they Can Oversee Neighborliness industry, have created and as yet creating in an intense manner. As per research, future patterns that this industry will be more evolved than the ebb and flow. For example, the accommodation ventures will begin a program that an individual needs to book ahead of time either by call or on the web. Moreover, they will likewise begin another program. An individual needs to pay some charge month to month and the friendliness business would design the conference comprehensive of delight and numerous others offers. (Lashley, 2014) Furtherly, they would likewise design family travels comprehensive of an outing guide. The outing counsel is there until their get-away is over to manage, exhort and instruct them. Friendliness industry will likewise have online conveyance to the individuals that have paid their month to month charge (Raid, 2010). They will convey the online purchased merchandise on the predetermined time and spot as mentioned by the clients. Advantages and Problems of a Diverse Work Place. It is critical to take note of that for an industry to be effective it must be eager to acknowledge decent variety and comprehend the advantages that join it. To begin with there are numerous advantages that join decent variety in a friendliness industry. Expanded flexibility is the principal advantage this guides in getting arrangements identified with administrations (Nickson, 2010). Assortment of view focuses is the other advantage, this is the place the workforce makes a decent scaffold by correspondence and they give a superior plan to enhance their industry. On the hand difficulties are typical for an industry to be fruitful. Correspondence is the principal issue a great deal of businesses face, language hindrances ought to be stayed away from for a decent variety occasions to happen (Hales, 2013). An industry brings to the table arbitrary items not one item for an extensive stretch of time, the issue with cordiality industry is the protection from change. A few workers oppose change since they figure they will free their activity or there would be a change that would influence them legitimately. Significance of Diversity in General Regardless decent variety is significant in all work places in view of the various societies, races, and various races. To participate and help each other one must find out about the various societies and races and get them. For instance, in a nation there are distinctive ethnic gatherings and they all have various societies for there to be a comprehension there must be a scaffold that unites the ethnic gatherings and that is regard (Siguar, 2011). With deference comes cooperation and backing. On a similar blood, decent variety is significant for laborers since it is perceptible and it helps in building a decent notoriety for the business. This prompts development of the business, increment in benefits and the laborers are seen and there will be open doors for them. Besides, decent variety makes an individual to develop acknowledgment. By this an individual won't segregate or despise on another culture or race. One will communicate and take in new things from the various individuals, know their inclinations and find out about them. Strategies for decent variety utilized in the past contrasted and techniques presently utilized In the past strategies for managing decent variety are very surprising with the techniques right now utilized and the ones that will be utilized later on. Take for one, in the past setting up working lunch or supper was seldom utilized. As of now working short breather, working lunch and working supper are rehearsed by a ton of the business (OConner, 2012). This incorporates delight and work simultaneously. This makes companionship which is significant between coworkers. In decision there are a ton of conventions and they all have various restrictions. Before, they would consider that like the Muslims they would be permitted to take Some downtime To do what their religion expects them to do. Not at all like the current technique for managing decent variety each religion is dealt with similarly in all things (Perdue, 2015). There is no time one is permitted to do what the others are not doing. Later on it isn't certain whether this will continue or it will change over the long haul. References Enzy, A,( 2009), Hospitality Strategic, New York: Kluwer AcademicLashley, C, (2014), Hospitality: A Social focal point: Management ideas and Cases, London: GMB Publishers Reid, D, (2010), Hospitality Marketing office, Boston: Addison Wesley. Nickson, D, (2010), Human Resource Management for the Hospitality and Tourism Industry, Ohio: West Legal Studies Press. Hales, J, (2013), Accounting and Financial Analysis in The Hospitality Industry, New York: AMACOM Siguar, J, (2011), Hospitality Sales: Selling Smarter London: Harlow Pearson Education OConner, P (2012), utilizing PCs in cordiality, London: Sunny Press Perdue, R (2015), Consumer Physiology Of Tourism, Hospitality And Leisure New York: Weil Press

Concepts of Universal Design in Architecture

Ideas of Universal Design in Architecture There are numerous confusions encompassing the possibility of all inclusive plan. Individuals regularly accept that furnishing the handicapped with signage or a slope is adequate and rehearses the beliefs of general plan. What individuals must comprehend is that general structure is tied in with giving these essential comforts to the debilitated without isolating them from the standard of society. It is likewise about making a space that can withstand numerous conditions and the prevailing fashions of time as an ageless creation. In an all around structured world people groups contrasts are not featured by building utilization however are intended for and make consistency between clients. The base up hypothesis is looked to by numerous planners while setting up widespread space; it chips away at the reason that the structure clients, the designer is serving incorporate those with handicaps are altogether individuals who can be treated as expected people[2] and with this you should begin at the base of the pyramid and mean to arrive at the top and accomplish all inclusive plan. Inquiries to consider when planning a generally structured space might be the means by which this space will react to various situations or times and as the client or clients change what will be the reaction to how it is utilized. General structured has been laid out and characterized into seven rules that can be applied to a wide scope of zones including compositional spaces to item plan. Evenhanded use Adaptability being used Basic and natural Distinguishable data Resilience for mistake Low physical exertion Size and space for approach and use Access Living Headquarters Access Living is an association that began in the mid 1970s and has been focused on restoration and development of impaired people groups by the help of crippled people groups. This organization has individual with a huge number of incapacities and one of a kind difficulties that they experience. In March 5, 2007 LCM Architects lead by accomplice John H. Catlin, FAIA planned access livings fundamental home office in Chicago with not just an all inclusive concentration by as a practical structure heading. This 50,000 115 West Chicago Avenue. business impression for Access living really mirrors the crucial the organization and fortifies their beliefs to engage the choices accessible to contrasts of others. It has been granted the Barrier Free America Award from Paralyzed Veterans of America; A reasonable structure grant from AIA; the Trend Setter Award from Friends of Downtown; LEED Gold Certification; and a Silver Award from the Association of Licensed Architects. Structure Solutions LCM engineers began the vision of widespread structure, by picking an available area and thinking about structure approach. The structure is close to two squares from the nearby trains underground station and from the city transport. This cozy relationship energizes green transportation as well as it accommodated utilizes that might not have different methods of transportation and its prime area takes into consideration individuals from numerous areas to have the option to utile this element easily. Notwithstanding the thought of closeness, the carport of the structure has assigned spaces that consider electric vehicles to be energized for use. As clients approach, the structure incorporates two control drop offs consistently added to take into consideration clients originating from road level and for wheelchair lifts to have an immediate course to the fundamental structure entrance[4]. Being in a colder atmosphere of the United States, modeler Catlin formulated an answer for manage frosted walkways in the winter a long time by structuring a warmed solid walkways and sufficiently bright methodologies. These highlights lead legitimately into the passage of the structure that is isolated by two arrangements of sliding entryways that open straightforwardly off the walkway. These entryways have a wide opening of sixty creeps to take into account simple versatility or two wheelchairs in passing. When you enter in to working for get to living, its very much structured inside hall space and furniture determination leaves you no sign that this space is all around planned. LCM modelers and there group of planners brought close thought into their inside decisions being still, small voice of dividing, materials, hues and designs so this really was an all around tolerating space. All inclusive plan has a cozy relationship to human factor and ergonomics. As a procedure the two of them endeavor to consider the capacities and restrictions of clients when building up an item or building an environment.[5] All of the furniture originated from the Steelcase, so a select piece could be copied in a few structures to incorporate with arms/without, movable or essential frameworks that supported change as important. Utilizing a solitary producer line took into consideration a wide scope of seating decisions to peruse and stream flawlessly. Inside this design sufficient space is giving for whe elchair move capacity and joining inside an individual or huge gathering association. Numerous seat statures are incorporated for clients everything being equal and leeway beneath a portion of the seating is available to permit the client to push up to the standing situation with their leg muscles[6]. A custom element inside the anteroom is the front counter; Lehner calls attention to that the meeting room underscores the all inclusive structure. An individual moving toward the front counter in a wheelchair ought to have a similar capacity to utilize it as an individual who doesnt have a handicap. That is the reason behind the whole structure nobody utilizes a secondary passage or side entryway, and nobody utilizes a slope. Everyone comes in a similar entryway and utilizations the equivalent elevators[8]. Special to most front counter, the essential measurement is at a wheel led open counter stature of (29-30 AFF)[9]. In light of the guided way to deal with the work area knee and toe space is deliberately planned and accommodate. The front counter does likewise incorporate a little segment at the standard stature of 42. Much thought was providing for the gathering side of the work area since this would be the essential and full time client of the millwork. The work area keeps up t he counter tallness and electrical outlets are put at the parts of the bargains contradicted to across to limit the requirement for clients to strain to reach across counter range. The worker likewise is given an entirely open way to deal with their work station and a turning span inside, taking into consideration a 360 degree wheelchair turning range. Past the front counter, smart considerations of widespread standards are used to help with client move capacity all through. Two lifts with twofold section focuses permit clients to move rapidly in and out without the need of turning inside a little bound space. The lifts are likewise enormous enough to help four wheelchairs inside. Alongside the boost of portability inside the lift Architect Catilin joined cutting edge crisis use innovation for the hard of hearing and head of hearing and develop lift catches put at a general open stature. Every one of the floors of the Access Living Company, are shading coded so clients can without much of a stretch distinguish area and bearing. This shading coding process is an awesome apparatus to help the little youngster to older and individuals with all clocks. This would likewise take out the disappointments of getting off the lift on an inappropriate floor, as such a large number of us have done. Once on a story clients, will see abundant flo or space as to not to feel compelled by close furniture designs and for wheelchair passing. The high traffic and regions of departure are brilliantly condescended with a story fringe that lines the dividers so the outwardly weakened can undoubtedly use this device to move through the floors. To a client with no sight disabilities this essentially shows up as an aesthetical component in view of how well it incorporated all through. This element is a prime case of how widespread structure standards don't featuring the distinctions of clients. Impediments In planning the Access Living headquarter LCM Architects, brought about numerous snags in making a space that was general, practical yet in addition stylishly and practically useable. With their essential spotlight on making an all inclusive space they immediately discovered that what works for one incapacity doesnt consistently work for another,[10] Lehner says. As an all inclusive planner you should figure out how to adjust the combination of housing so they are not influenced by a specific client. That is no place more obvious than in the ground surface. LCM found through research that covering, in spite of prevalent thinking, serves individuals with MCS by catching contaminants that would some way or another stay airborne. It likewise offers footing for individuals utilizing sticks. Be that as it may, covering can be hard to haggle with a wheelchair, says Catlin[11] This is an incredible exercise to be educated on the grounds that when individuals think a handicap they time and a gain just consider wheelchair clients. In the wake of choosing a texture that designer Catlin thought would be ideal for the entirety of the clients in the space he immediately needed to come back to the planning phase after one representative had an epileptic seizure from the extraordinary designing of the deck. This is one case of the numerous challenges looked in this task in planning for the general population, however Catlin cures this issue by introducing an increasingly quieted design through the structure while as yet guaranteeing there was still enough differentiation on passage fringes to assist direct with peopling with visual impairments[12]. End In spite of the fact that they are a part of clients there are wheel seat bound we should consider and know that there are innumerable debilitations that cause all clients to have various necessities and manners by which they use a space. Planning a widespread space you should have a comprehension of that and recall that you are not structuring for laid out client however thusly everybody turns into your client. It is regularly extremely hard to make and structure a useful arrangement that all individuals will esteem easy to understand, which is the reason modelers and planners appear to steam away from this standard. Catlin outlines that not exclusively can configuration be a stylishly satisfying general

Changes In Culture Business Organisations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About Changes In The Culture Of Their Business Organizations? Answer: Presentation The Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, otherwise called the ANZ, is one of the five biggest fruitful organizations in Australia. The bank is likewise the biggest organization in New Zealand. The organization was framed out of the Bank of Australasia, while it set up its first Melbourne office in 1838 and its central command in New Zealand. The bank gives a scope of administrations to an assorted pool of customers. Starting today, the organization is publically recorded with right around 376,813 investors and a workforce of 35,000 individuals. The organization serves in excess of 6,000,000 clients all through the world. The organization exhibited astounding execution brings about 2008 in any event, when the year was intense for the worldwide money related industry. ANZ was never this effective all through its establishment. During the mid 1990s, the bank was confronting various issues, for example, terrible obligations, poor association, representative assurance and poor consumer loyalty rates. Subsequent to encountering such terrible showing and working environment conditions, the organization named John McFarlane as the CEO of the bank in the late 1990s. It was under the initiative of the new CEO and his newly shaped supervisory crew that the bank had the option to resuscitate its market position and become fruitful through a progression of arranged changes and changes. Primary highlights of authoritative change during McFarlanes residency at ANZ Bank Perhaps the main motivation behind the overall accomplishment of ANZ Bank was the arranged changes or the authoritative change that the new CEO of the organization, McFarlane, was going to present over some undefined time frame. The change program executed by the new CEO, alongside his new supervisory crew, had certain highlights that helped the administration in guaranteeing a fruitful change and strengthen the adjustments in the more extended run. A portion of the highlights of the authoritative change program actualized by McFarlane are given underneath: Above all else, the change program actualized during the residency of McFarlane was a very much structured change the board program that focused the whole association overall. The change program included all the partners in the change and was appropriately structured before it was executed. The new CEO of the organization had the option to comprehend the job that the way of life of the working environment plays in the general execution of the representatives and believed hierarchical culture to be a highest need while arranging the change program. By welcoming a think-tank to direct a study on the errors between the current bank esteems and culture, the new CEO ensured that they could distinguish those regions where the organization required changes. Through such activities, the new administration had the option to find that there was an excessive amount of organization and chain of command in the association, which was thwarting the presentation levels of the representatives. accord ingly, the changes program was intended to realize changes in the estimations of the association based on representative sources of info while the current qualities had been fuse into the way of life by the ranking directors. Also, the new administration detailed a devoted breakout and social change group to help the administration in executing the arranged change methodologies. Breakout workshops were masterminding in which the representatives were made increasingly mindful of their qualities, the estimations of the association and how they had an impact in driving their conduct. Such breakout units helped the new administration in ceaselessly diagnosing the conduct of the workers and recognizing the impact that the changes were having on the partners. Further, the breakout groups went about as change facilitators, which are a need for expanding the odds of accomplishment of a change program. Thirdly, the new administration of the organization had the option to execute an exhibition the board framework, which helped it in expanding the achievement pace of its transformational methodologies. The organization utilized execution scorecards and key execution markers to survey the presentation levels of the workers across different fields, for example, money related, client, and so on. The presentation the board framework was isolated into three sections for example execution arranging, execution training and execution evaluation (Henshaw, 2011). The administration planned a successful exhibition the executives plant that deliberate the correct presentation goals utilizing the correct exhibition markers and measurements. Such a viable exhibition the board framework helped the organization in guaranteeing more noteworthy odds of accomplishment in its change the executives activities (OGBA, 2009). At long last, the administration followed a successful way to deal with guarantee association wide help from the partners during the transformational program, which could somehow or another lead to the disappointment of the program. The new administration at the ANZ organization followed a top-base just as a base to top change execution technique that guaranteed more prominent trust and correspondence among the partners (Cummings, 2013). In this way, the capacity of the administration to set up trust and impart the change program obviously to the partners helped it in guaranteeing a more prominent achievement rate for its change program. Difficulties for supervisors in actualizing change systems It is frequently said that a change isn't the issue, protection from change is. An association can encounter an assortment of changes that can affect singular units, forms and now and then on the whole association all in all. Social change is an association wide change that affects the whole association all in all and is viewed as one of the most troublesome changes to be executed in any association. Social changes can achieve changes in work jobs and duties, tasks, managing customers, purchasers and providers, and so on. Subsequently, social changes get a lot of opposition from the partners and the administrators liable for actualizing a social change needs to confront various difficulties in their endeavors to accomplish a fruitful change. A portion of the difficulties that the administrators working in organizations like the ANZ and attempting to actualize a social changes face are examined beneath: Most importantly, when the change is connected with the way of life of an association, it turns out to be hard for the directors to manufacture association wide trust and build up viable correspondence systems, which was additionally a test that the administration of ANZ Bank confronted while endeavoring to realize changes in their association culture. Building trust and conveying the change program is one of the most significant mainstays of accomplishment while attempting to change the way of life of an association and in their nonappearance, the partners can make alarm because of dread of the obscure and can offer a lot of protection from the change program (RICK, 2015). Thus, it can get hard for the directors to actualize a social change effectively and can bomb in their endeavor to accomplish a fruitful progress. Furthermore, social changes can likewise include adjustments in the activity jobs and obligations of specific representatives, which can additionally result into an adjustment in their capacity status or business as usual. Such a condition can trigger a great deal of protection from the change program as the representatives taking a shot at the highest position may feel a danger to their forces and can offer exceptionally solid protection from the change the board program (BRADFIELD, 2006). Further, social changes can likewise include end of certain activity profiles from the hierarchical chain of importance, which can create worry among the workers and can affect their presentation levels. Accordingly, it turns into a significant test that the administrators face while attempting to change the way of life of their associations. Thirdly, it is a characteristic inclination of individuals to oppose changes as they bring them out of their customary ranges of familiarity. If there should be an occurrence of social changes, clearly the whole association should experience a significant change, which will bring a great deal of representatives out of their usual ranges of familiarity (Ryan, 2014). Accordingly, the workers offer a higher protection from such changes that can have an immense and an enduring effect on their employments. Along these lines, this is another test that the supervisors attempting to change the way of life of an association will undoubtedly confront. In conclusion, social changes likewise become a test for the chiefs on the grounds that a discussion about social change can start a great deal of gathering elements and governmental issues inside the association. A culture of an is characterized as the manner by which an association completes its work tasks and how the things are done in an organization. The way of life of an association is the main thing which ties the whole workforce together and when there is a change being gotten ready for the way of life of an association, the partners can make freeze and can turn out to be a piece of gathering elements, which can make it hard for the administrators to actualize the change techniques effectively. Characteristics of key pioneers at the ANZ Bank and job of pioneers in overseeing change programs A pioneer is an individual who has the right stuff to cause the others to follow and complete things by keeping them roused. An incredible pioneer is the person who can possibly bring the best out of his supporters and contribute more towards the general accomplishment of an association. The manner by which, under the administration of John McFarlane, the ANZ Bank developed as one of the top organizations in the zones where it had its tasks unmistakably demonstrates the proficiency and viability of John as a pioneer. During his ten-year residency, John end up being effective in expanding the consumer loyalty rates, higher staff commitment, network acknowledgment or more all, pivoting the

Common App Essay Prompts to Rock Your College Application

If your student is filling out the Common Application for college, they are going to encounter the Common App essay section. Here, students are presented with a group of prompts, giving them direction as they write.By choosing the right Common App essay prompt, your student can rock their college application. To help them along the way, heres what they need to know about the Common Application essay.What is the Common App Essay?When your student fills out the Common Application for college, they will have an opportunity to write a personal essay to go along with the other information in their profile. A personal essay isnt like an academic essay. Instead of showcasing their knowledge of a topic, personal essays allow students to share details about themselves, their life, their perspective, their struggles, and their triumphs.Students who write a Common App personal essay are seizing an opportunity to tell their story. The goal is to give the admissions department insight into who th ey are and why they would make an excellent addition to that schools student body. Through the Common App essay, schools have a chance to get to know the applicants, and that helps them make smart admissions decisions.What Are Common App Essay Prompts?When a student fills out the Common App for college, there is a writing section in the application. In that area, students will find essay prompts, a group of preselected topics that The Common Application (the non-profit organization behind the Common App) believes will help colleges make sound admissions decisions.Students can choose the prompt they feel best showcases why a college admissions department should want them to attend. This gives the applicant a degree of power, ensuring they have a chance to tell their story. After writing an essay to align with one of the prompts, that essay can be submitted along with the other details in their Common Application profile.What is the Common App Essay Word Limit?There isnt a hard-and-fa st word limit for the Common App essay. However, The Common Application recommends staying around the 650-word mark.Usually, 650 words gives students a reasonable opportunity to craft a comprehensive response, ensuring they can convey their story without having to cut any beneficial details. The recommended Common App essay word limit also helps to keep students from getting too wordy, essentially encouraging them to write a thorough yet concise piece that is designed to be as impactful as possible.Is the Common Application Essay Mandatory?Technically, the Common Application essay isnt mandatory. Students dont have to write one to complete the must-do portions of their profiles.However, that doesnt mean a Common App essay wont be required by many of the schools. If your student wants to apply to a college that makes the essay a must-submit part of the application, then it is mandatory if your student wants to be considered for admission there.Additionally, even if it isnt required, that doesnt mean your student shouldnt write a Common Application essay. Your student can include it in their application to any school, and it may increase their odds of being accepted if it is well written and helps them stand out from other applicants. While the essay would be considered optional in this scenario, its usually best to submit it.Do the Common Application Essay Prompts Change Each Year?While the Common App essay prompts for the 2019-2020 application year are the same as the ones used in 2018-2019, that doesnt mean the questions always remain the same. The prompts can change from one period to the next, so students dont want to make assumptions about the topic ahead of the official prompt announcement.However, in early 2019, the Common App blog did discuss the reasoning behind the decision to keep the previous years prompts. It highlighted the fact that the current ones gave students a significant amount of flexibility, making it easier for them to tell their story w hile meeting the Common Application requirements. Additionally, it mentioned the benefit of students being able to roll over accounts from the 2018-2019 period, ensuring that planning and preparation for the new batch of applications were easier to manage.Common App Essay Topics for 2019-2020 ApplicationsFor 2019-2020, students completing the Common App essay have seven prompts to choose from, giving them the ability to select a topic they feel they can best address. Here is a look at the prompts.1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.This prompt gives students an opportunity to discuss a passion of theirs or a bit about their history. It can be big or small, as long as it is meaningful.2. The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setb ack, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?If overcoming an obstacle shaped your student in a fundamental way, this is a prompt that allows them to discuss that specific part of their story.3. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?This College App essay question is all about beliefs and ideologies. Its one of the harder prompts to use, as keeping the essay positive and avoiding preachiness is challenging. But it can also give your student a chance to discuss something deeply personal.4. Describe a problem youve solved or a problem youd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution.With this question, students can showcase their problem-solving skills, passions, an d perspective. It can also give your student room to be creative or highlight a unique idea.5. Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others.This prompt gives students a chance to discuss anything that helped them grow as a person, no matter how big or small the catalyst may seem to be.6. Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?Here, students can focus on their passions and interests. Additionally, it gives them a chance to discuss their motivations as well as provide insights into how they learn.7. Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one youve already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design.If your student wants to discuss something that isnt covered in a prompt above, heres an option for them. It provi des the utmost flexibility, ensuring any student can tell their story, no matter what it is.How to Write a Great Common App EssayWriting a great Common App essay doesnt happen by accident. Instead, it requires a bit of time, energy, and planning.Start with Self-ReflectionAfter reading the Common App essay prompts, your student should take a moment to reflect on each one. Doing a little bit of brainstorming can help them identify points they would cover if they moved forward with various prompts. Then, it may be easier to choose one that they feel allows them to best share their story in a meaningful way.Get OrganizedOnce your student chooses a topic, they need to organize their thoughts. Usually, its wise to write down the main ideas they want to cover. In most cases, each point will be its own body paragraph, which will be comprised of a few sentences each.Next, they can consider how they want to transition between the points, making the essay cohesive and coherent. Readability is essential in an essay, so the main ideas need to be presented in an order that seems logical. Additionally, they need to use clever segues to shift from one point to the next, creating additional flow.Write a DraftAfter figuring out what they want to cover, its time for your student to write. During the first draft phase, its more important to get their thoughts expressed than to avoid errors. Its allowed to be rough, so your student should let their passion guide them while respecting their original outline.If they want to be particularly engaging, they should use the show, dont tell approach. Typically, this involves using a storytelling style, sharing examples and scenarios that convey the message. Its all about painting a word picture, making it easy for the reader to visualize what occurred.Additionally, your student should favor active voice, as it is more likely to keep the readers interest. Its also smart to avoid clichs, as these are overused and are considered tired.Review and RefineAfter the initial draft is written, its time to edit. Your student should review the essay and refine it.At this stage, focusing on being clear and using excellent grammar, punctuation, and spelling is wise. A muddied message or veering off-topic isnt going to impress an admissions committee. Similarly, spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors dont make a great impression. They need to review the essay to see if changes create better flow and to fix any mistakes.At times, reading the essay out loud can be beneficial. Often, its easier to hear a problem than to spot it while reading. Using text-to-speech software can be helpful as well, as your student can listen for issues.Your student may also want to get an outside opinion at this juncture. Its often hard for students to examine their essay objectively, so asking someone they trust like a teacher, guidance counselor, or tutor to lend a hand isnt a bad idea.Save the Common App Essay ResponseOnce the essay is reviewed and refined, your student needs to save it, ensuring it is a part of their Common App profile. Then, they can submit it along with their applications with just a simple click or two.While preparing a Common App essay takes time and energy, this little piece of writing can make a big difference. Thats why its worth doing, even if a college doesnt require it. After all, standing out from the crowd is critical during the college admissions process, giving your student a stronger chance of getting into their first-choice college.Pin11RedditShareLeave a Comment

International Law and Non-Renewable Natural Resources - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2831 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The international laws governing the non-renewable natural resources of the continental shelf and the deep seabed Introduction In an age of growing mineral scarcity, we are now turning to the non-renewable resources of the seabed as an alternative to land-based reserves. At present the global consumption of fossil fuels exceeds 80 million barrels of crude oil a day (Lamb 2008), and given that the ocean covers 71% of Earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s surface, most of these reserves are underwater. Consequently, with the depletion of land-based reserves and economic vulnerability arising from a dependency on foreign oil (Groves 2011), the petroleum industry has set out to exploit the untold, vast resources of the deep seabed (Wilson 1982). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Law and Non-Renewable Natural Resources" essay for you Create order In response to a growing interest in deep-sea resources, the question of who has a right to exploit these resources and to what extent can these rights be enjoyed was raised in the Third United Nations Conference of the Law of the Sea convened in 1973 (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). With over 160 nations, the conference finally came to an end in 1982 and the resulting convention was enforced in 1994. The convention introduced a number of new provisions, the most significant being the delimitation of maritime zones. However, UNCLOS also established a legal regime to control the exploitation of mineral resources of the deep sea-bed outside of national jurisdiction, where the convention expressly conferred the International Seabed Authority (ISA) power to regulate all activities therein (Ribeiro 2013). In the space of just a few years, the deep-sea has emerged as a key source of new reserves, such that offshore production of petroleum and gas now account for 6 percent of global prod uction as of 2013.Yet, the exploitation of deep-sea non-renewable resources is not solely limited to oil and gas. With growing exploration of the deep seafloor, many types of non-renewable mineral-rich resources have been discovered, and their formation, occurrence, and economic viability will be discussed in greater detail. This report describes the economically valuable non-renewable resources of the deep seabed, the laws governing their exploitation, and a historical perspective on the United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ objection to Part XI of UNCLOS. Classification of natural resources In maritime law, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ describes the potential for materials to occur, while à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reservesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are proven deposits of known abundance and volume (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). Thus, offshore resource estimates described in this study are not a definitive assessment of total reserves available for exploitation (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to distinguish resource type because they can differ significantly in their conservation and exploitation regimes; UNCLOS operates specifically within the context of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. A renewable resource is that which can be naturally replaced or replenished, either through biological reproduction or naturally occurring processes. However, these resources are susceptible to depletion through overexploitation. Another type consists of renewable energy resources; these sources are continuously available and not noticeably affected by human consumption and include solar, geothermal, and wind power. A non-renewable resource is that which exists in a limited supply and its rate of replenishment is insufficient to offset economic extraction in a meaningful time-frame. One example is carbon-based fossil fuel, as their rate of formation through geological and biological processes is extremely slow, occurring over mil lions of years. Consequently, resources from an exploitation perspective are classified as renewable when their rate of recovery exceeds that of consumption, while the opposite holds true for non-renewable resources. Classification of mineral resources of the deep seabed Offshore exploitation has become increasingly feasible through technological advances and the main types of mineral deposits with economic value occurring on or beneath the deep seafloor include: placer deposits, polymetallic sulphides (PMS), manganese nodules and crusts, and hydrocarbon (petroleum and gas) deposits (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). These non-renewable resources have a long term formation period and occur mainly through natural geological, chemical, and hydrological processes. Marine placer deposits Placer deposits are accumulations of heavy metallic minerals and gemstones that form as a result of gravity separation during sedimentary processes and form mostly in high-energy environments, in cluding wave, river, and tidal motion (Murton 2000, Unies and marins 2004). These minerals can contain economically important elements including: tin, titanium, zirconium, chromium, iron, barium, and gold. The principle gemstone is diamond (Unies and marins 2004). During the last glacial period, (18,000 ya), the sea level dropped by almost 120 meters and fluvial (river) placers extended to the present-day continental shelf(Murton 2000). But with subsequent sea level rises, most of these deposits became buried with sediment and now make up the marine placer deposits of commercial interest. However, given that placer minerals are generally confined to locations near their fluvial source, most of these deposits typically fall within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states and are under national jurisdiction (Murton 2000). Polymetallic sulphides (PMS) These deposits are large bodies of ore containing high concentrations of base and precious metals, including: copper, zinc, l ead, gold, and silver. With seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, PMS formation is associated with the increased hydrothermal and volcanic activity at these regions (Murton 2000). Consequently, PMS deposits are found along most major tectonic plate boundaries(Murton 2000). Hydrothermal fluid seeps into chambers under the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crust and are heated by the molten rock. The metal-laden water is discharged from the black smokers into the water column at high temperatures (400 °C). As the plume mixes with cold seawater, the metal sulphides precipitate on to the chimneys and surrounding seafloor, where they form large deposits ranging from thousands to 100 million tonnes (ISA 2008). Despite their great depth (in excess of 2,500m) and remote offshore locations (Murton, Parson et al. 2001), these deposits have attracted the interest of the mining industry and exploration has begun. As of 2013, Nautilus Minerals is the first commercial operator granted a mining le ase for PMS deposits, and is currently exploring high grade copper-gold deposits in the territorial waters and EEZ of Papua New Guinea (ISA 2008). Manganese nodules and crusts During the expeditions of the British Oceanographic Ship HSM Challenger (1872-1876), manganese nodules were discovered on the deep seabed in most oceans of the world (King 1981, Murton, Parson et al. 2001). These nodules can range in diameter from millimetres to tens of centimetres and are formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese around a core (Murton 2000). They contain economically valuable concentrations of manganese, copper, nickel, and cobalt (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). Several processes are involved in the formation of nodules, the most prevalent being: the hydrogenous and biogenic precipitation of metals, the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary rock, and the deposition of metal-rich sediment from continental erosion (Murton, Parson et al. 2001). Although these processes can occur c oncurrently during the formation of a single nodule, they grow at a rate of one molecular layer every three months, making it one of the slowest geological processes known to man occurring over millions of years (ISA 2008 cob). Manganese crusts are formed through the precipitation of minerals on to the flanks and summits of seamounts, ridges, and plateaus and can form layers up to 25 centimetres thick (ISA 2008). Overall, manganese nodules and crusts cover an estimated 2 % of the seafloor (6.35 million km2) and can achieve high densities, with an average of 10kg/m2 in areas of the Central Pacific (Murton 2000, ISA 2008). Manganese nodules and crusts are a significant source in cobalt, an economically important metal used in super-alloys, solar cells, conductors, laser systems, and fuel cells (ISA 2008). Their abundance, composition, and occurrence as loose material on the seafloor, make nodules and crusts an attractive incentive for mining (Murton 2000). The global resource of m anganese nodules may contain upwards of 150 billion tonnes (King 1981), with an estimated cobalt value of 12,000 trillion US dollars, using 2001 raw commodity prices (Murton 2000). Deep seabed resources: a historical perspective Before World War II, coastal states had national sovereignty and jurisdiction over territorial waters, which extended three nautical miles[1] from the shore as a form of customary law (Carter et al. 2007). Yet, no consensus had been reached regarding national jurisdiction over resources of the seabed beyond territorial seas. When the Challenger discovered manganese nodules in the late 19th century, the doctrine of res nullius applied; such that the resources of the seabed belonged to no one and could be subject to state appropriation (King, 1981). However, with the potential for commercial activity and offshore resource development in subsequent years, the process to claim greater seabed territory had begun. In 1945, President Truman issued Proclamatio n 2667, which asserted U.S. rights to explore and exploit resources of the seabed outside of the three nautical mile limit. This proclamation essentially stated that the resources of the seabed and subsoil of the continental shelf were exclusively US property. Other nations followed suit, which resulted in a customary law of the continental shelf later codified with UNCLOS I in 1958 (Shackelford, 2009). At this time, developing countries had a monopoly over land based mineral suppliers, where the biggest sources of cobalt were coming out of the mines in Zaire and Zambia (Wilson, 1982). The United States on the other hand relied heavily on foreign sources and had to import cobalt, manganese, and nickel to meet their industrial needs. Consequently, with the growing realization that mineral resources were finite, the seabed beyond the continual shelf gartered newfound attention by developed nations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" particularly the cobalt-rich manganese nodules of the deep seabed. Nevertheless, competing with the United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ desire to reduce its dangerous dependence on foreign and politically unstable mineral sources, were the desire of developing countries to assure equitable access to the resources of the deep seabed as a method of alleviating their perceived economic imbalances (Wilson, 1982). A consensus began to develop among the international community that the deep seabed and its resources should be subject to the doctrine of res communis: belonging to all (King, 1981). As the US began to claim areas of the seabed for exploitation, newly independent developing countries were becoming a powerful force influencing international relations. As their numbers increased, so did their demands for an equitable approach to global natural resources, and in light of the technological advances possessed by the United States, they sought to keep industrialized countries from monopolizing the deep seabed (Guntrip, 2003; Shackelford, 2009). Nev ertheless, the controversy as to which policy should control the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed essentially remained unresolved (King, 1981). Under the doctrine res communis, the Maltese ambassador Arvid Pardo believed an effective international regime was necessary to govern the deep seabed; one which would take into account the needs and interests of developing nations and also that of future generations (Guntrip, 2003; Shackelford, 2009). As a result, Pardo proposed that the deep seabed should be declared a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Common Heritage of Mankindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  during the twenty-second General Assembly of the United Nations (1967). Reaction to the proposal was mixed; developing nations endorsed the CHM principle, while developed nations like the United States rejected it (Guntrip, 2003). While deliberating, the General Assembly drafted a number of resolutions regarding the resources of the deep seabed including the Moratorium Resolution[2] and the Declarat ion of Principles[3]. Adopted in 1969, the Moratorium Resolution banned all activities pertaining to the deep seabed until an international regime was established. However, developed nations -particularly the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom opposed the moratorium provisions, believing it would jeopardize their many offshore mining investments (Guntrip, 2003). Being neither a member of UNCLOS I (1958) or UNCLOS II (1960), the United States viewed the resolution as a recommendation, not an obligation, and did not consider itself legally bound by the moratorium (Guntrip, 2003; King, 1981). The Declaration of Principles, adopted in 1970, attempted to outline the rules governing the use of the deep seabed and was met with little opposition. It acknowledged that the existing laws of the sea treaties did not provide adequate legal regimes for the exploration and exploitation of the seabed (citation). In addition, the resolution declared the deep seabed a common heritage of mankind and beyond state appropriation (citation). Laws of the Seas Treaty The debate over offshore mining served as an impetus for the third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea treaty (1982) and the establishment of the International Seabed Authority (1994) under Part XI of the convention. The primary purpose of UNCLOS III was to establish legal regimes that would regulate the exploration and exploitation of all renewable and non-renewable resources of the high seas and the seabed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  beyond national jurisdiction. Held from 1973 to 1982, the convention ultimately resulted in the adoption of 320 articles, with the overall participation of 160 nations. UNCLOS is considered by some to be the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“constitution of the oceanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Groves, 2011) and it effectively defines the rights and responsibilities of all member nations and covers all ocean-related activities. Under the convention, all coastal states are ent itled to maritime zones over which they have some form of jurisdiction and rights, including: a territorial sea (12 nm); a contiguous zone; an exclusive economic zone (200nm); and a continental shelf that may extend past the 200 nautical mile delimitation. These zones must be measured from a baseline, which could be derived from the natural low water mark along a coast or through the use of straight-lines when the coast is deeply indented, has fringing islands or is highly unstable. The continental shelf and its extensions Nevertheless, UNCLOS gave birth to a key provision that established the concept of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Continental Shelfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in international law; here defined as the natural prolongation of the seabed and subsoil to the outer edge of the continental margin. The legal continental shelf extends out to a distance of 200 nautical miles from its coast or further if the shelf naturally extends beyond that limit. When the continental shelf exceeds 200 nautical miles, the coastal state must make a submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). The Commission assesses the proposed outer limits of the shelf and the technical and scientific data provided before making a final recommendation. The continental shelf delimitations established by a coastal State based on these recommendations are legally binding. Nevertheless, the Convention does include certain criteria governing the establishment of the extended continental shelf and its outer limits. The extensionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s outer limits cannot exceed 350 nautical miles from the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s baseline, nor exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2,500 meter isobath, which is a line connecting points of equal underwater depth. UNCLOS provisions draw distinctions between the submerged lands of the continental shelf based on its relation to the exclusive economic zone delimitation. Under UNCLOS, the seabed and subsoil inside the 200 nautic al mile limit falls within the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exclusive economic zone. Therefore coastal states have exclusive sovereign[4] rights over the exploration, exploitation, and management of its continental shelf and the mineral resources therein. Their rights are exclusive in the sense that if the coastal state chooses not to explore or exploit their continental shelf, foreign states or organizations cannot undertake these activities without the express permission of the coastal state. Furthermore, it is within their right for a coastal state to deplete their mineral resources; they are under no obligation to adopt conservation regimes[5] governing their exploitation. But unlike the full sovereignty a state has over its territorial seas, sovereign rights over the continental shelf are not absolute. As an example, coastal states cannot prevent foreign states from laying submerged installations (like pipes and cables) within this zone. Furthermore, a coastal state cannot impe de the conduct of organizations or foreign states that wish to explore the continental shelf for peaceful and scientific purposes. They may, however, withhold consent if the research is for the purpose of exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, involves drilling into the continental shelf, or the use of explosives. In addition, coastal states must adopt laws and regulations to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment that arise from seabed activities. These regulations must, at a minimum, meet the established international standards set out by UNCLOS Part XII and MARPOL[6]. In addition to the rights and restrictions previously described, Article 82 introduces a provision specific to the extended à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"legalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ continental shelf (ELCS). Once having claimed an ELCS, the coastal state must make payments and contributions to the International Seabed Authority on all extracted mineral resources. However, if a developing state i s a net importer of a mineral resource produced from its ELCS, the developing country may be exempt from making payments in respect to this resource. Annual payments begin after the first five years of production at a given site on the ELCS. Starting with the sixth year of production, the payment rate is set to one percent of the extracted resource value. This rate increases by one percent with each successive year until the twelfth year, after which payment is set to seven percent for all subsequent years. [1] 1635 Mare John Selden proved that the sea was capable of appropriation as State territory, restricting maritime jurisdiction to the distance within which cannon range could protect it. [2] Resolution 2574D [3] Resolution 2749 [4] Coastal state has the full right and power to govern itself without interference from outside sources. [5] Coastal states must adopt conservation regimes to protect living resources from over-exploitation and depletion. [6] The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) covers the prevention of pollution by ships from operational or accidental causes

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Leonardo Da Vinci quotes Essay Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen. A painter should begin every canvas with a wash of black, because all things in nature are dark except where exposed by the light. Once you have tasted flight, you will forever walk the earth with your eyes turned skyward, for there you have been, and there you will always long to return. Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in. The painter has the Universe in his mind and hands. I love those who can smile in trouble Learning never exhausts the mind. As a well-spent day brings happy sleep, so a life well spent brings happy death. Nothing can be loved or hated unless it is first understood. The noblest pleasure is the joy of understanding. Art is never finished, only abandoned. The function of muscle is to pull and not to push, except in the case of the genitals and the tongue. The deeper the feeling, the greater the pain The greatest deception men suffer is from their own opinions. I thought I was learning to live; I was only learning to die.